864: Caroline Rose | Captagon and the New Age of Narco-Diplomacy

864: Caroline Rose | Captagon and the New Age of Narco-Diplomacy

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[00:00:21] Caroline Rose: This is multi-generational, and a lot of these same big figures have been around for a long time and their political landscape was already corrupt to begin with, but now this adds a huge layer of complicity and corruption and coordination. You've got Assad's very own brother running a lot of these operations.

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[00:02:52] Today, Captagon, the most widespread drug that you have probably never even heard of. I came across this in a report about trafficking and the civil war in Syria, and I just couldn't believe there was a drug this popular that I'd never seen on a single headline anywhere ever before. Captagon is a drug that is taking over huge parts of the world, especially the Middle East, hooking loads of people, stuffing billions of dollars into organized crime and genocidal regimes, and funding at least one civil war. This episode would have been an Out of the Loop episode, but since this loop was so unknown in the first place, it's a regular episode instead. And I'm here with Captagon expert Caroline Rose. Now let's get a nice, big, dirty, cardiac-arresting mouthful of Captagon. Here we go.

[00:03:44] Caroline, thanks for joining me. I never heard of Captagon before, and it's weird because, not that I'm all into every kind of drug that's out there, not to imply that, but you think, okay, this is a multi-billion-dollar industry. It's a drug that's taken over huge parts of the world. Tons of people are taking it. It's stuffing billions of dollars into organized crime and genocidal regimes. And I just never heard of it at all. What is Captagon?

[00:04:07] Caroline Rose: It's a great question, Jordan. And trust me, you're not alone. Captagon is kind of a niche drug, globally, but in the Middle East, it's incredibly popular. So what it is, it's an amphetamine-type stimulant that was produced originally in the 1960s by a company called Degussa AG, and they produce Captagon for weight loss, but also attention deficit disorder. It was a very common substance that was prescribed licitly on pharmaceutical markets. Then, in the 1980s, things started to change. There were alternatives that popped up on the pharmaceutical market that really did push Captagon out. Lots of doctors and medical experts then began to realize that Captagon was not as safe for public health as they originally thought. It caused a number of pulmonary and cardiovascular issues. And so, in the mid-1980s, the World Health Organization scheduled Captagon. It's important to denote as well that Captagon, it's original formula, was called fenethylline. But the Captagon we see today is much, much different. It's essentially whatever you make it as long as you put two interlocked C's. That's what Captagon is.

[00:05:19] Jordan Harbinger: Got it. So, basically, it turned out meth was bad for you. Okay, yes, and—

[00:05:24] Caroline Rose: Yeah.

[00:05:24] Jordan Harbinger: —this drug used to be one thing. And now, it's whatever pill they've pressed. Well, it's like meth in the United States. It's made in an outhouse somewhere and you're eating or, what, smoking whatever the hell that guy or gal cooked into it. That's it.

[00:05:41] Caroline Rose: Exactly if the street name kind of precedes it, and from there you can make whatever you want it to be.

[00:05:46] Jordan Harbinger: Is it in the United States? I haven't heard of it. You'd think it would be. If it's all the rage, why have I never come across it? Again, I don't want to imply that I'm doing a bunch of drugs over here. I have kids and a functional life. I've heard of cocaine. I know about marijuana. I know about ecstasy and MDMA. So if it's so pervasive, I'm guessing it's not in the United States.

[00:06:06] Caroline Rose: No, it's not at all in the United States. We have not seen any sign of consumption. Pretty much the same picture in Europe. We only see Captagon shifts to European ports, but mostly it's rerouted back into the Middle East, into the Arab Gulf. So it's pretty confined regionally.

[00:06:22] Jordan Harbinger: Okay. I mean, it's interesting that it's only in the Arab Gulf because from what I understand from news sources in the Middle East, they not only don't have drugs, but they don't have gay people or any violent crime or any sort of other issues. So it's amazing that this drug seems to be making its way there when they don't apparently have a drug problem of any kind.

[00:06:40] Caroline Rose: Well, certainly, especially in extremely conservative countries where there's a stigma of drug consumption. You have exceptions, of course, like, for example, khat or hashish, you know, those are very popular substances. But Captagon is a very interesting kind of beast, so to speak, in the sense that it's a drug that people take to be productive. So the stigma that you have with taking Captagon, many assume that, "Well, if I take Captagon and if I take it to study for my exams," or, "If I take it just to stave my hunger," or, "If I need it, I'm a truck driver, and I need it to stay up for this second or third shift," then that's fine. It's not like the, quote, "harder drugs." So, because of that, I would say less of a stigma, and it's much more widespread because it could be used to be productive.

[00:07:29] Jordan Harbinger: That's interesting. So, taking drugs for fun, bad. Taking drugs to work yourself to death, no problem.

[00:07:34] Caroline Rose: Oh, yeah, totally, totally fine.

[00:07:37] Jordan Harbinger: It's interesting. I don't know if this is also in your wheelhouse, but I read about methamphetamine in North Korea, and it's kind of just everywhere. One, because you can make it from industrial chemicals, I guess, and probably a bunch of other stuff that's easy enough to obtain so you can produce it domestically/literally in your house or your factory. But two, if you don't have food, which they don't in sufficient quantities, and you have a ton of work to do, and it's all manual labor, it's kind of the perfect thing to dole out to the population, or at least allow the population to consume.

[00:08:09] Caroline Rose: Absolutely. I mean, I think, again, I'm not necessarily an expert on methamphetamine and that illicit economy globally, but when it comes down to how this compares to Captagon, I think that it's very similar. And that's why you see this dual appeal throughout the Middle East, but among different socioeconomic classes and different socioeconomic levels. In the Levant, for example, in Lebanon and in Syria, where people are dealing with an extremely dire economic crisis and political crisis, where people are waiting in breadlines, where people are not able to get cash from their banks, this is a very useful substance to stave your next meal, to work a second job or a third shift. It's also reportedly popular amongst foreign worker populations in the Gulf for that same reason. But at the same time, you also have youth populations that are extremely bored. They have a bit of extra cash to spend. This is particularly the case in Saudi Arabia and the UAE and in many GCC countries, where they're taking it recreationally. Sure, some are taking it for their exams, some are taking it for academic performance, but many are turning to this as a recreational drug because it gives you that rush that many people flock to.

[00:09:26] Jordan Harbinger: GCC is what?

[00:09:27] Caroline Rose: Gulf Cooperation Council. Sorry, yeah, same thing as Gulf.

[00:09:31] Jordan Harbinger: Okay, gotcha. So that's like Qatar.

[00:09:33] Caroline Rose: Yeah.

[00:09:33] Jordan Harbinger: Is that Saudi Arabia too? I don't know.

[00:09:35] Caroline Rose: Yes.

[00:09:35] Jordan Harbinger: Or is it like UAE?

[00:09:37] Caroline Rose: Yes, all the Gulf countries, it's the GCC.

[00:09:40] Jordan Harbinger: But is this killing people? Because I know when I did my research, I thought, oh, this must be so deadly. Meth is so deadly. But it was hard for me to find statistics on how many people are actually dying from this. Is that because of a lack of reporting or is it not that dangerous?

[00:09:52] Caroline Rose: Lack of, I would say, data. That's one of the number one things is that we know a little bit about Captagon's malign health effects, but not really because we don't know exactly what is in the, quote, "current version" of Captagon.

[00:10:06] Jordan Harbinger: Mm-hmm.

[00:10:06] Caroline Rose: And there seems to be many different versions as well. So we don't have a lot of lab testing on the pills themselves, but then also not a lot of people are seeking help, to begin with. Many are seeking help for dependency, but we have not seen any recorded Captagon related to death. But again, you know, there is that element of stigma with many of these countries.

[00:10:26] Jordan Harbinger: Mm-hmm.

[00:10:27] Caroline Rose: You know, maybe someone has taken a lot of Captagon. And they are experiencing a health problem, but the family is saying, "Oh, this was a preexisting health issue that they had before." So it's very difficult to kind of assess what the limited data we have, but we do know for a fact that given that it is an amphetamine-type stimulant, long-term heavy use does, of course, lead to a series of health concerns.

[00:10:52] Jordan Harbinger: So, okay. We don't know if it's killing people. It's not in North America. It's not in Europe. This is going to sound callous, but why do we really, why worry about this? Why do we care? What's the problem? What's the big deal?

[00:11:04] Caroline Rose: That's a great question.

[00:11:05] Jordan Harbinger: It sounds like junky Adderall for the Middle East. I mean, we got bigger problems.

[00:11:11] Caroline Rose: Absolutely. So I would say that one of the overriding and most significant elements of the Captagon trade, it's not necessarily, you know, what it is and the scope of the problem, but rather who is behind it and the actors that are profiteering and using this as an alternative revenue source. So with any illicit economy, you've got this nexus with bad guys, with bad actors. And in the Middle East, the actors that are heavily associated with the Captagon trade, there's a huge spectrum, of course. But the industrial size production that we see, it's concentrated in regime-held areas of Syria, particularly with officials either directly aligned or indirectly aligned with the Assad regime. And then, on top of that, I would say like the number two on the list of organized actors behind the Captagon trade would be Hezbollah. Hezbollah also supports small-scale production and trafficking operations throughout the region.

[00:12:05] And again, you know, why should we care? Of course, the Syrian regime would be looking to profit and find alternative revenue streams amidst sanctions. The reason why we should care is because if sanctions are already in place, they're using this to undercut the effects of that. They're also coordinating with illicit networks all over the world, particularly in Southern Europe, in Africa, also potentially in the Indo-Pacific. And they're also emboldening and strengthening those illicit networks. So for those that care about governance and rule of law, this is a huge issue.

[00:12:40] Jordan Harbinger: Okay. So for people who are, who've been under a rock for the past decade, Syria is going through a major civil war right now is under sanctions. Their exports have fallen, what, like 93 percent or something along those lines. I mean, it's just crazy. They have no way to generate revenue. They've lost a bunch of territory. Well, essentially, they don't control a bunch of the country that they used to control. There's rebel groups, ISIS has moved in there. So, you have a war zone, which makes it easier to move things around in many ways. You've got all these illicit economies, but you also have a regime that's desperate for money to keep funding the weapons it uses against its own people.

[00:13:14] And I think the problem that a lot of people don't really understand, it took me years to sort of absorb this as well, is that when you have an organized crime network pop up in a war zone or start operating in a war zone, it's kind of like a cancer. It doesn't just mess with the country that it's in, it reaches out and says, "Let's talk to the Balkan gangsters. And then let's talk to the, this mafia, that mafia, let's start human trafficking while we're at it. And hey, we're moving people. Let's move some guns. We're moving drugs, guns, and people. Why don't we deal with the terrorists? I mean, they have money too, and we have guns now. And we're not really supposed to do that, but who cares? It's money."

[00:13:51] You're not dealing with the sort of moral actor, and I use that in air quotes, you're not even necessarily dealing with governments, right, at this point. You're dealing with criminals who think, "I don't care if I get my million dollars from ISIS, or if I get it from Syria, or if I get it from Jordanian smugglers." So it sort of metastasizes and spreads all over the place. And even if that war zone, if that conflict dies down, you've got all these ties from one mafia in one region to another, and they don't want to just pack up and go home. They just get into other businesses. So that, I think, is one of the reasons why we should care about stuff like this. Am I on point here?

[00:14:27] Caroline Rose: I think you hit the nail on the head, and then on top of that too, is that yes, we have Hezbollah, we have these non-state actors.

[00:14:33] Jordan Harbinger: What's Hezbollah for people also who aren't familiar?

[00:14:35] Caroline Rose: Of course, Hezbollah is a designated terrorist organization that operates primarily in Lebanon but, of course, has also established some small presence in southern Syria. They're a designated terrorist organization by the United States. They, uh, very much capitalized on the landscape after the Lebanese civil war. They're a militant group and also a considerable political force within Lebanon. They collaborate very closely with the Syrian regime. Also, they have some alliances to Iran as well.

[00:15:06] To your point about why we should care, not only, you know, is this something that, of course, spreads and undermines rule of law all across the international community, but also when you have an actor that is a state actor, they have the resources, they have the networks, they have access to ports, they have access to checkpoints. They have everything that they could dream of in terms of helping sustain the industrial sized growth of an illicit trade by Captagon. It's really difficult to stop it. And then, on top of that, then they have this plausible deniability narrative that they've very much carried out in the country. And also, it's become a leverage card and a kind of pressure tactic that they have mounted against some of their regional neighbors.

[00:15:51] You know, if they say, "Oh, you don't like the Captagon trade, well, how about we arm smugglers and we increase the risk of violence and agitation along your border?" You know, it's a really great tool and a really great card to play in discussions and negotiations with other countries.

[00:16:09] Jordan Harbinger: I had not thought about that. It sounds like you're saying that Jordan, for example, which borders Syria might say, "Hey man, we don't really like the fact that you're doing, well, you're killing your own people." And they say, "Cool, we don't care about you. We're going to run armed smuggling gangs over your border and kill border soldiers," which I've heard has happened recently, which of course, pisses off the regime, but it's almost like a war tactic in a way, or like a conflict in and of itself, where you're running smugglers over the border and you're just not doing anything about it, even if you could. Your neighbors are weaker for it because now they have to focus on border security when before, maybe that wasn't such an issue.

[00:16:46] Caroline Rose: Right. I think that it's a card that they can play. And then also something where they can also shrug and say, "Well, this is out of our control."

[00:16:55] Jordan Harbinger: Mm-hmm.

[00:16:55] Caroline Rose: So that's been really useful for them. And as long as they're conducting an occasional seizure here and there, the regime thinks that they are able to then create that narrative of, see, you know, that's someone else's problem. These are other actors that are operating within Syria. It's only amongst terrorists and opposition forces. But I will say, it sometimes has shot the regime, they've shot themselves in the foot by going too hard with putting pressure on their neighbors with Captagon.

[00:17:23] For example, Jordan was pursuing or at least experimenting with normalization with Syria throughout the summer of 2021, and they opened the border crossing along their border with Syria. And after that, they saw a flood of Captagon smuggling operations come through. A lot of them were violent. It killed one Jordanian captain. It got really really ugly, and that's when the Jordanian government started to pump the brakes on normalization with Syria.

[00:17:51] So I will say that with as much agencies that Syrian government has had over this narrative and it sometimes has come back to bite them.

[00:18:00] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, I see. So instead of saying, "We actually want to trade and export things to this border," they just ran a bunch of drugs through it, and until the Jordanian government said, "Maybe you guys are just kind of being dicks. And we don't really want to deal with you at all." And now, the border is closed again.

[00:18:15] Caroline Rose: Yeah, well, the border crossing itself hasn't necessarily been closed, but the Jordanians have essentially pumped the brakes on a number of other normalization initiatives.

[00:18:25] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, I see.

[00:18:25] Caroline Rose: And they were like, you know, instead of talking directly to the Syrian regime, although communication channels are, you know, they do exist. They tried to talk to the Russians, for example, who were in the area and asked them to try and get these smugglers to cut it out instead of directly through the regime. But now we're starting to see Captagon kind of climb the ladder in terms of how high it's prioritized on normalization discussion lists. And Captagon in many cases is that number is taking that number one spot.

[00:18:54] Jordan Harbinger: It almost sounds like the US and Mexico with the drug war, right? You've got border issues. It seems to be at the top of the agenda, alongside auto manufacturing and other issues. It's like, you can't have a conversation with Mexico, which was one of our largest trading partners and one of our largest sources of back and forth trade, of course. It always includes the drug issue now. And it seems like the Assad regime, maybe let this go get a little bit too big. I mean, how much money are we talking about going to the regime from Captagon? Do we know?

[00:19:24] Caroline Rose: That's a great question. I think that we've seen a number of different estimates put out there. For example, in the report that we authored that was looking at the trade in 2021, we put 5.7 billion, which is pretty sizable and multiple sizes larger than Syria's licit exports.

[00:19:43] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, really?

[00:19:44] Caroline Rose: Yeah, yeah.

[00:19:44] Jordan Harbinger: So the drug trade for Syria is multiple times larger than their actual legitimate product.

[00:19:50] Caroline Rose: Yes.

[00:19:51] Jordan Harbinger: Exports.

[00:19:51] Caroline Rose: But I would caveat and say that most of it is coming from Syria. And we estimated that the bulk of industrial-sized Captagon shipments are coming from Syria, but we have seen some smaller labs pop up in Lebanon. There is the potential, we saw very small evidence that there was one right outside of Amman and Jordan. So, it's starting to grow a little bit more. However, the large majority is concentrated inside Syria.

[00:20:19] Now, as to how much this is worth, It's a really big guessing game. AFP, which is Agence France-Presse, they put out an estimate in this past fall, which I thought was really, really accurate. And that was estimating the entire size of the trade, not just what is seized, but what really could be out there. And they put it at 10 billion.

[00:20:42] Jordan Harbinger: Wow.

[00:20:42] Caroline Rose: But we have seen some larger estimates, but it's really, really difficult to ascertain exactly how much it can be given the fact that we're seizing a certain amount, but there is likely kind of, that's the only the tip of the iceberg, and there might be other pills that are trickling through that are undetected by law enforcement.

[00:21:03] So we've seen some experts in some different institutions try and gauge how much exactly that could be. It's an even harder intellectual mathematic exercise trying to figure out how much the regime is getting from that because as the Captagon trade expands, the more middlemen you tack on, the more networks are becoming involved, and it's hard to guess and to determine exactly how much the producers and the primary traffickers are making from this, but I would say safely, this is a huge alternative revenue source, extremely lucrative and will therefore be very hard for them to give up.

[00:21:43] Jordan Harbinger: This is The Jordan Harbinger Show with our guest Caroline Rose. We'll be right back.

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[00:24:58] Now, back to Caroline Rose.

[00:25:02] What's the cocaine trade by way of comparison, do you know?

[00:25:05] Caroline Rose: Yes, yes, yeah, 110, 130 billion, I would say.

[00:25:09] Jordan Harbinger: Wow. Okay.

[00:25:09] Caroline Rose: Yeah, yeah.

[00:25:10] Jordan Harbinger: So this is like roughly, let's say 10 percent of the cocaine trade, which has armies and submarines and aircraft and huge cartels operating internationally. So it might sound small compared to cocaine, but we're also talking about a much smaller area with a much smaller market. That's saying something that's essentially the chief export. But that begs the question, okay, if this is something that I just assumed was cooked up in small facilities, you're not cooking up 10 billion worth of a cheap drug in a small facility. The production of this, especially if it's one of Syria's chief exports has to be literally no exaggeration, a massive industrial scale operation. I mean, there have to be factories that were making, I don't know, headache medicine that are now just making Captagon, right?

[00:25:59] Caroline Rose: That's what we identified in the report. I mean, certainly, you have kind of a spectrum of production facilities and capabilities throughout the region. But what we started to pick up in 2020 and 2021 was just exactly that. In the 1970s and '80s, Syria had its heyday of being one of the largest pharmaceutical hubs in the region. If you look at recent UN data, it shows that Syria, right before the war, was one of the largest importers of a drug called pseudoephedrine, which is used for cough and cold medicine. So, like, you know, if you think of Mucinex or Robitussin.

[00:26:34] Jordan Harbinger: Sudafed.

[00:26:34] Caroline Rose: Yeah, exactly.

[00:26:36] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah.

[00:26:36] Caroline Rose: That could be used, we suspect in Captagon production processes and manufacturing processes. And the scale of some of these Captagon production sites through the reports that we were able to glean in the report do show that this is pretty large scale and not only large scale in terms of production, but can you imagine transporting millions of Captagon pills on, for example, a commercial vessel or, you know, trying to dispatch that through overland routes? It requires a lot of logistical planning and some pretty advanced and impressive shrouding techniques and smuggling techniques. I mean, it's huge.

[00:27:17] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah, I definitely want to talk about that because I'm looking at some of these seizures and it's, there's one in a single day, July 1st, 2020, 84 million pills were found confiscated in the port of Salerno, Italy. The street value of that was a billion euros. My first question is, isn't that like enough Captagon for every man, woman, and child in the entire country or multiple countries in the area? These are not big places. You could get everybody high for a day in the whole region, practically, at that.

[00:27:48] Caroline Rose: Well, yes, but also, we're curious as well, and this was a question that I haven't really been able to answer yet, but especially, you know, that was to Italy, and it was suspected that it would be rerouted back into the Gulf, potentially, because the consumption markets don't quite exist there in Southern Europe, so far. So there is the potential that, you know, once these are getting to these destination countries in the Gulf, perhaps they could be also dispatched to a next destination.

[00:28:17] Jordan Harbinger: Mm-hmm.

[00:28:17] Caroline Rose: That's definitely possible consumption definitely has been proven in a lot of these destination markets. But I have that exact question sometimes where it's like, wait a second. We're sending more that is needed in some cases in terms of, you know, unless every single individual in some of these countries are consuming Captagon. And it's very difficult to store it for a very long time because it loses its potency. So there is that question of, wait a second, what are we missing here? Unless people are taking, you know, three or four Captagon pills a day, which would be terrible, and it's not likely, where is all of this going? Are you just storing it in warehouses? And, you know, that's one of the lingering questions that I have when I look at this trade, especially as we see shipments just get larger and larger and larger.

[00:29:03] Jordan Harbinger: I don't imagine that drug traffickers like storing billions of dollars in product somewhere where it could get seized, and then they just keep buying more. That doesn't make sense to me. You know, when you smuggle cocaine in someplace, and I'm no expert here, but if you're bringing cocaine into the United States, the last thing you want to do is go, "All right, that's brick number 75, throw it in the garage with the rest of them." I mean, you want to move that stuff as fast as possible, one, so you can get your money and two, so you can keep the heat off of you and not have this in your possession. So somebody has to be taking it or reselling it or moving it somewhere else. And they just haven't caught where it's going. I mean, could it be moved from the Gulf to Africa? Is it being taken by people who are fighting civil wars somewhere else that we're just not paying attention to? I don't know. How likely is that?

[00:29:52] Caroline Rose: Oh, I think extremely likely, and I think when we get into the context of some of these other conflict zones that exist near the Horn or in the Sahel or in Northern Africa, it's even harder to track. That's been something that I think deserves a lot more research and a lot more attention because we have had some limited evidence of Captagon winding up and being stored in Libya. We've had some evidence of Captagon being seized in Nigeria.

[00:30:19] And again, to your point and what we talked about previously about empowering other illicit networks, that same seizure, the port of Salerno seizure that you're talking about that was conducted in July, 2020, guess who was supposed to receive that and guess who was supposed to facilitate that? A mafia group called the Camorra.

[00:30:38] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, wow.

[00:30:39] Caroline Rose: So there's an Italian mafia group that is working and engaging with directly with Syrian regime-aligned actors to receive a drug shipment. So, you know, it just goes to show that Assad is looking to expand this market, especially if they have more pills than they know what to do with. That is going to undermine and empower a lot of these other, quote, "bad guys and malign actors" out there in the international community.

[00:31:06] Jordan Harbinger: Why ship it to Europe just to ship it back into the Gulf? Is that because if it's coming from Syria, it's probably drugs at this point? I mean, statistically speaking, it's more likely drugs than not drugs, so you ship it to Italy and then it comes back and it looks like, I don't know, Ikea furniture or something like that. Is that the plan?

[00:31:23] Caroline Rose: That's actually a great way to phrase it. Yeah, I mean, essentially, it all comes down to suspicion. There's only so many times that you can send a Captagon shipment out of the port of Beirut or the port of Latakia without things starting to become a little fishy, especially with GCC states that are now starting to wake up in terms of the challenge of Captagon. So yeah, as soon as you get that EU stamp, it's the same reason why we've seen Captagon wind up, for example, at the port of Klang in Malaysia. You want to get that stamp that shrouds suspicion and makes these shipments look a lot less suspicious.

[00:31:57] Jordan Harbinger: Okay, so if we're shipping it to the Balkans and we're shipping it to Italy, and the mafias, which are no joke in the Balkans, I know the Italian mafias, but not what it used to be, or, you know, whatever. The good old days were the '60s, '70s, '80s, I guess, or maybe even earlier over there, if they're touching the stuff, are we worried at all that they're going to then go, "Hey, you know, shipping it is profitable, but you know what's really profitable? Selling it at retail prices in the area where we live." Are you worried that they're going to develop a market there? Because Europeans have a lot of money. And they certainly have more money than, let's say, developing a market in Africa for this. So it would be pretty profitable if they just kept a bunch of it instead of shipping it onward and sold it at retail prices instead of, I don't know, wholesaling it to the next destination.

[00:32:46] Caroline Rose: It's possible. I mean, I haven't necessarily seen evidence of that happening just yet, although I will say, and I wrote something recently on this, that when I was looking at my data from 2022, I did see an uptick in Captagon shipments over land. Not through commercial, you know, vessels or anything like that, but overland through Turkey and a lot of the law enforcement systems and law enforcement officials in Turkey that would seize Captagon, they said, "Hey, this is destined for European countries."

[00:33:15] Jordan Harbinger: Mmm.

[00:33:15] Caroline Rose: They never said which one which was not helpful. And you never know, you know, maybe it was actually destined for the Gulf or somewhere else. And maybe they were just saying that to say that, but you know, that was a very notable trend that we saw in 2022. So I think it's entirely possible that Europe could be targeted as a market for this drug. But, you know, there's just no way to know about how successful its appeal will have.

[00:33:39] Jordan Harbinger: I mean, look, you don't have to stretch to make me right if I'm not right, but it does seem like the kind of thing a country would say, like, "Oh, our people aren't taking this. This was going to Germany. We don't take Captagon over here. We have God-fearing people over here in Turkey." I mean, maybe they're right, maybe they're not. Who knows? It's just, it's hard to say, but again, you know, you don't have to stretch just because I made a guess that happens to be wrong. So how do they ship this stuff? I assume you don't just crack open a container and a bunch of pills spill out. What's the smuggling method they're using?

[00:34:09] Caroline Rose: Well, actually, you know, we have seen a few shipments where it is. You just do a quick little poke through the packaging material.

[00:34:16] Jordan Harbinger: It sounds lazy.

[00:34:17] Caroline Rose: I know. Well, that was back in 2020. So since then—

[00:34:20] Jordan Harbinger: Okay.

[00:34:20] Caroline Rose: —they've gotten like absolutely wild with the seizure materials that they've used, at port of Salerno, cardboard cylinders, like industrial size. They were massive, but yeah, you go through and then it was just all packed throughout there. But now it feels like everything under the sun. I've seen Captagon shrouded inside of a fruit inside of pomegranate skins, which can you imagine like the technique of someone—

[00:34:45] Jordan Harbinger: Wow.

[00:34:46] Caroline Rose: —you know, putting it inside of pomegranates. I've seen it shrouded inside and disguised as like chickpeas, like two or three pills together and then they put this like mesh overlay over to make it look like they were chickpeas.

[00:34:59] Jordan Harbinger: Oh my god.

[00:35:00] Caroline Rose: We've seen it inside of lemons, we've seen it inside of oranges, inside of fake oranges. Like they got plastic oranges and put it inside that.

[00:35:09] Jordan Harbinger: But who orders like 10 million fake oranges?

[00:35:12] Caroline Rose: I know.

[00:35:12] Jordan Harbinger: Like, "Oh your fake oranges have arrived, sir." "Thank god."

[00:35:15] Caroline Rose: I know.

[00:35:16] Jordan Harbinger: "We've been sitting on these fruit bowls with plastic bananas and plastic apples for months now. Thank god. These have arrived."

[00:35:22] Caroline Rose: I know and part of me like thinks that some of these guys are just like doing this to like I don't know have fun with it.

[00:35:28] Jordan Harbinger: Troll.

[00:35:28] Caroline Rose: Yeah, exactly.

[00:35:29] Jordan Harbinger: Right.

[00:35:29] Caroline Rose: Because at this point, it's like, whatever, and always, especially with these like very flashy ones, they're chipped in these like huge sizes, which is pretty risky if you think about it.

[00:35:39] Jordan Harbinger: Mm-hmm.

[00:35:39] Caroline Rose: So I feel like sometimes there's like this, at the board meeting of Captagon smugglers, they probably are like, "All right guys, let's do oranges this year."

[00:35:47] Jordan Harbinger: Gosh.

[00:35:48] Caroline Rose: "Let's do sheep guts." Like they packaged it in the carcasses of—

[00:35:52] Jordan Harbinger: Sheep guts?

[00:35:53] Caroline Rose: —livestock. Yeah.

[00:35:55] Jordan Harbinger: Oh gosh.

[00:35:56] Caroline Rose: I know.

[00:35:56] Jordan Harbinger: But then what's gross is then don't people do people then eat the carcass of the livestock? Is it for consumption?

[00:36:02] Caroline Rose: I don't think so. I don't know, actually.

[00:36:04] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, good.

[00:36:04] Caroline Rose: I don't know. There have been two instances of it like being inside of dead sheep.

[00:36:10] Jordan Harbinger: But what do you use dead sheep for if not, I don't know, maybe I'm out of the loop on that one.

[00:36:14] Caroline Rose: Yeah, maybe, it is for consumption. But yeah, it's pretty wild. We saw something inside of like olive oil containers.

[00:36:22] Jordan Harbinger: Sure.

[00:36:22] Caroline Rose: Inside of like car parts. Anyways, the list can go on.

[00:36:26] Jordan Harbinger: That's shocking. The pomegranate in fruit stuff is amazing because the amount of manual labor, like you said, can you imagine somebody putting Captagon pills into a pomegranate? The amount of manual labor involved in that is enormous. I mean, you would need thousands of people sitting in a row, shoving Captagon tablets into tens of thousands or whatever, hundreds of thousands of pomegranates, because they rot, right? So you can't just do them slowly over time and then ship a rotten, shriveled pomegranate. You got to do it in a couple of days. So, you take out all those seeds, which anybody who's ever eaten a pomegranate already realizes is a huge pain in the ass. You do something with the seeds. Hopefully, they get consumed and not just wasted, but whatever. And then you shove tablets into that space in the pomegranate or is the whole thing hollowed out and just full of pills?

[00:37:15] Caroline Rose: For what I saw in the pictures, the whole thing was hollowed out and then filled with pills. However, on that same kind of wavelength, there was a seizure that was conducted inside of Syria, where they like, they had them inside of olive pits.

[00:37:28] Jordan Harbinger: Oh my god.

[00:37:29] Caroline Rose: So still, like, trying to keep the olives intact. And can you imagine, like, just putting one to two pills in that space? Still, like, a lot of work.

[00:37:39] Jordan Harbinger: Okay.

[00:37:40] Caroline Rose: Yeah, so it's pretty incredible.

[00:37:42] Jordan Harbinger: I'm going to throw something out there, and I don't want to give anybody ideas, but I'm sure they're better at this than me, given the fact that they've made ten billion dollars a year off this stuff. They're probably got to be using machines, right? You throw the olives into a machine. It's supposed to put the pimento in there or whatever, the little red thing. Maybe it just takes the pit out instead of pimentos. They've rigged it. So it puts Captagon pills in there because I can't imagine the manual labor involved in that. Otherwise, it's just ridiculous.

[00:38:05] Caroline Rose: Yeah, I know. I'm starting to think about like everything on our seizure database. Like they put stuff like inside of like can lids.

[00:38:13] Jordan Harbinger: Can lids?

[00:38:14] Caroline Rose: Yeah. Like tomato paste lids. So they would put it under, like, inside, and then they would put another layer or a seal over it, and they would have it inside of the lids.

[00:38:24] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, wow.

[00:38:24] Caroline Rose: They're really, really, really advanced and always very entrepreneurial in terms of what is being found with Captagon inside. It's never usually just a bag. Although sometimes you see that with smuggling, like overland smuggling.

[00:38:38] Jordan Harbinger: It's got to be really hard to find stuff like this. I know some of the seizures, that I looked at, they were stuffed into washing machines. So you're not going to take apart a washing machine. I guess if you have a drug-sniffing dog and it realizes something is amiss, you take it apart. But although if you're just a human looking at it, there's no freaking way you're finding it in a refrigerator or an air conditioning unit. You're just not going to look inside.

[00:38:57] Caroline Rose: Yeah, unless you have x-ray machine, unless you're putting everything through there. I mean, it's pretty amazing that so much has been detected, but I think it just goes to show how it is very difficult for law enforcement systems to be on top of this. And then on top of that, you do tip-offs and sometimes you do have intelligence passed on, but there's a lot of distrust amongst neighbors in the Middle East. So you don't really have that level of coordination that you would want. You know, that phone call that says, "Hey, this is coming from the port of Beirut. We suspect that this could have X amount of Captagon pills inside. Definitely check it when it arrives at the port of Haditha or the port of Jeddah or something. That I think is lacking in the region.

[00:39:40] Jordan Harbinger: I looked up Syria's legal exports and this is a couple of years old, but it was 860 million. So if you're talking about 860 million, so not even a billion, let's say it's a billion now. And you're talking about almost 10 billion for the Captagon trade, this is 10 times their legal exports. So this has to be the top revenue generator for the entire country at this point. Is that correct? Or am I overstating that?

[00:40:03] Caroline Rose: It's hard to ascertain. I would say absolutely. But in terms of the level of state involvement that is implicated in Captagon production and trafficking, it's a major, major, major revenue source. Without the receipts of what's being rerouted back into the pockets of these producers and traffickers, how much is being paid to these traffickers as well? How much it takes for production to take place? It's really difficult to just know exactly how much, but it definitely, as you mentioned, it's larger than their illicit exports, which just is pretty incredible.

[00:40:40] Jordan Harbinger: So is this a mafia in Syria doing this, or are we talking about the regime itself has its own government officials doing this? Like when we talk about North Korea, you see North Korean diplomats doing stuff like smuggling heroin. Are we seeing that with Syria? Or are we seeing mafia groups that may or may not be kind of tangentially attached to Assad's cousin's friends from college or whatever? I mean, how close are we talking?

[00:41:03] Caroline Rose: Well, I would say it's definitely like this very complex landscape that exists in terms of Captagon production. You have a group, for example, some of the traffickers we see along the Syrian-Jordanian border, they've been doing trafficking and smuggling for centuries, for generations. A lot of these are these tribal entities and families that traded cigarettes over the border or arms. And today, it's Captagon because that is in high demand. However, you also have some of these groups of narco entrepreneurs, I would call them, individuals that are deeply embedded in Syria's business and agricultural sector. That have these connections, they have these shell companies that exist abroad that the regime or these major Captagon producers can tap into to transport Captagon out of the country.

[00:41:54] But then, you have the, I would say, top-tier level where, you know, it isn't necessarily a directive that the Syrian government or Bashar al-Assad himself has created, but you are pretty close because you have, for example, one of his direct cousins, Wasim Badia al-Assad, who has been a noted Captagon producer and trafficker. And then, most notably, his brother, Maher al-Assad, is heavily implicated in Captagon production and trafficking. And he also just so happens to head the regime's most, I would say prestigious and formidable securities apparatus and security arm, which is called the Fourth Division. And the Fourth Division is extremely well equipped and has been very heavily associated with Captagon production and trafficking.

[00:42:47] Jordan Harbinger: You're listening to The Jordan Harbinger Show with our guest, Caroline Rose. We'll be right back.

[00:42:51] This episode is sponsored in part by Better Help. In the hustle and bustle of life, we often get lost in meeting the demands of others. Most of us never pause to think about our own needs. If you're always giving, it can lead to burnout. No bueno for the mental health. Therapy can empower you to continue supporting others while ensuring that you don't lose sight of your own well being. And Better Help is a great first step. Better Help is entirely online, which is great because some days, maybe it's hard for you to get out of bed, maybe you just can't drive across town and park or get an appointment at the time that you want. What's great with Better Help is their network of thousands of licensed, professional therapists. You can answer a few questions in a questionnaire, they match you with somebody that's suited to your needs real quick. I think Jen wanted a therapist who's a mother and had first-hand experience with small kids, and they matched her in like 20 minutes, no exaggeration. And if it doesn't work out, switch therapists at any point at no additional cost.

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[00:43:51] Jordan Harbinger: This episode is sponsored in part by Airbnb. So we used to travel a lot for podcast interviews and conferences, and we love staying in Airbnbs because we often meet interesting people and the stays are just more unique and fun. One of our favorite places to stay at in LA is with a sweet, older couple whose kids have moved out. They have a granny flat in their backyard. We used to stay there all the time. We were regulars, always booking their Airbnb when we flew down for interviews. And we loved it because they'd leave a basket of snacks, sometimes a bottle of wine, even a little note for us. And they would leave us freshly baked banana bread because they knew that I liked it. And they even became listeners of this podcast, which is how they knew about the banana bread. So after our house was built, we decided to become hosts ourselves, turning one of our spare bedrooms into an Airbnb. Maybe you've stayed in an Airbnb before and thought to yourself, "Hey, this seems pretty doable. Maybe my place could be an Airbnb." It could be as simple as starting with a spare room or your whole place while you're away. You could be sitting on an Airbnb and not even know it. Perhaps you get a fantastic vacation plan for the balmy days of summer. As you're out there soaking up the sun and making memories, your house doesn't need to sit idle. Turn it into an Airbnb, let it be a vacation home for somebody else. And picture this, your little one isn't so little anymore. They're headed off to college this fall. The echo in their now empty bedroom might be a little too much to bear. So whether you could use a little extra money to cover some bills or something a little more fun, your home might be worth more than you think. Find out how much at airbnb.com/host.

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[00:46:55] Now for the rest of my conversation with Caroline Rose.

[00:47:01] So it sounds like the state is really not just complicit, but it is intertwined with this completely. When you have the military's elite units providing security and helping smuggle and you have the president's brother doing this and the president, especially when it's a dictatorship, that's not like, oh the guy was in this other business beforehand. I mean the Assad's been in charge of the country for, well, they've been in charge for generations at this point. So this is not a, something he just cooked up, no pun intended, in the last couple of years.

[00:47:28] Caroline Rose: Yeah.

[00:47:28] Jordan Harbinger: This is something that's always been there. Okay.

[00:47:30] Caroline Rose: Absolutely.

[00:47:31] Jordan Harbinger: And I would imagine there's also an element of Assad keeping the smugglers and the mafia groups as allies if they control certain areas of the country. I know we did an episode about The Dictator's Handbook with Alastair Smith, episode 794 and 795. And one of the things he brought up was dictators often have organized crime figures around them because those people have real power in the country and dictators have this, they have their cronies around them and they have to keep those people happy. They don't have to keep the population happy, those aren't really the stakeholders. They have to take the people with real power, so organized crime groups, kleptocrats, and rich people, essentially, elites, happy. So I would imagine if there's that much money in this, everybody who's got any power at all is probably getting their hands into Captagon in Syria.

[00:48:16] Caroline Rose: Exactly. Exactly. I mean, you, you look at some of the biggest magnets of Syria's telecommunications sector, their agricultural sector, other industrial production sectors. You know, for example, the that were used at the port of Salerno, that happened to be from a very close regime and Assad family ally who provided the cardboard cylinders for that. Everyone is playing a part, whether that is providing a truck or providing shrouding materials or providing a facility to make Captagon or even directly overseeing the production process.

[00:48:49] And I would say that you're absolutely right in the sense that, you know, the Assad regime, this is multi-generational. And a lot of these same big figures have been around for a long time, or, you know, perhaps their families have been very prominent in this particular business sector. And the Syrian business landscape and their political landscape was already corrupt to begin with. But now, this adds, I would say, a huge layer of complicity and corruption and coordination. I would say it is notable, though, to keep that narrative of plausible deniability.

[00:49:22] So if you have the Fourth Division, you've got Assad's very own brother running a lot of these operations. But then you also have a very active ministry of interior that is conducting seizures wherever they can. And these seizures are much, much smaller. You know, sometimes you'll see some of these seizure reports and they're like sometimes three to five pills.

[00:49:42] Jordan Harbinger: Three to five pills?

[00:49:43] Caroline Rose: Yes. Yes. And they're putting that up there.

[00:49:45] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, wow, okay.

[00:49:46] Caroline Rose: Right. Compared to the millions that we're seeing seized in the Gulf. It's interesting. Also very interesting when compared to the fact that Syria is the largest hub of production. So when you're only getting five pills, there's a lot underneath the surface there that they know is being produced, but they're not going after it. And then, on top of that, some of these seizures that we've seen, they're a bit wonky as well. For example, Syria announced that they found Captagon powder in the form of hummus bowls, like pottery bowls that they found.

[00:50:17] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, wow.

[00:50:17] Caroline Rose: It is very difficult to assess if that's possible.

[00:50:20] Jordan Harbinger: Huh.

[00:50:20] Caroline Rose: So you have this kind of balancing act that you can see that the regime is trying to wage to offload that blame to say, "Look, we're doing all that we can." And also to kind of create that space between what the government ministry is doing. But then also of course, some of these other security actors and business actors that are closely aligned, but they're operating independently.

[00:50:42] Jordan Harbinger: Ugh, man, I'm looking at some of these stats. In 2020, the United Nations registered that Syria had imported 50 tons of an important basic ingredient for the production of Captagon. That's a lot, right? The chemicals pseudoephedrine, which you mentioned before, that they use in cold medicines and crystal meth, 50 tons. And I looked up, like, okay, well, is that a lot? Because I know other places that make pharmaceuticals, they've got to be importing this. Are they importing 5,000 tons? I don't know. No, it's a little more than half of the amount imported by Switzerland, which has a massive pharmaceutical industry. That's legitimate. So if you're importing, let's say 50 percent of what Switzerland is importing but you're exporting no legitimate or very little, very little legitimate pharmaceuticals and Switzerland is putting stuff all over the world, you're importing a sh*tload of pseudoephedrine, for lack of a better term, it's just a huge amount in scale.

[00:51:36] Caroline Rose: Yeah, it's extremely, and they haven't changed the levels of what has been requested since the advent of the civil war. So it's very difficult to gauge just how much is coming in and likely also, they likely have a lot of stockpiled precursor materials from before the war began as well. And they have these facilities, especially in areas that were not as affected by the violence of the civil war. You know, a lot of those hubs still exist. So yeah, they have a huge production capacity that is notable. And I would say a lot of governments are starting to wake up to.

[00:52:11] Jordan Harbinger: How much does Captagon cost if you try to buy it in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia because you got a party to go to or whatever, you've got exams? How much are we talking about?

[00:52:20] Caroline Rose: You know, it depends on where you're buying it, how close you are to production.

[00:52:24] Jordan Harbinger: Well, yeah, you need a good hookup.

[00:52:26] Caroline Rose: Exactly. And it also depends on like what sort of pill you're buying. What's most common in the Gulf, at least over the last two years, has been the Lexus variant, which is a white variant of Captagon. I say Lexus because they have it in a Lexus logo on the plastic bags. Usually, it's like this metallic silver or gold Lexus logo. As a researcher on Captagon, I now cannot drive on the road without seeing a Lexus car and being like, "Oh, that's a Captagon car." But Lexus is the most popular in Saudi Arabia. Typically, pills cost anywhere between like $10 or sometimes up to $25 per pill that's been recorded on the market, which is pretty crazy.

[00:53:07] Jordan Harbinger: Oh, wow.

[00:53:08] Caroline Rose: But of course there are cheaper variants that exist. There's a yellow, like a mealy yellow pill that has a smaller concentration of amphetamine. And then, also, we recorded like a pink strawberry tinted Captagon pill. We're starting to see a pill that's a bit more brown and like rusty looking which doesn't bode well for public health.

[00:53:29] Jordan Harbinger: That sounds gross. Yeah.

[00:53:31] Caroline Rose: Yeah, it sounds really gross. And it's very difficult to kind of ascertain how much those pills are going for. And we've also seen that those pills are a bit more popular closer to production sites, so in Syria and Lebanon and Jordan.

[00:53:43] Jordan Harbinger: I know that it's impossible to get sort of international cooperation real international cooperation with a place like Syria because it's a dictatorship. The ruling family controls the drug trade and the judiciary and the law enforcement system, right? So you're not going to get like, what is it, Interpol going in there to supervise operations, right? It's just not going to happen.

[00:54:04] Caroline Rose: Well, no, and then, I would also mention Interpol accepted Syria into their Red Notice alert system in the last year.

[00:54:12] Jordan Harbinger: Tell us what that is.

[00:54:13] Caroline Rose: Interpol's red alert system essentially is that if you're part of this notification system, you're allowed to request Interpol, you know, if there, there's a warrant for arrest, if there's someone that your government wants to arrest that essentially facilitates countries and wherever that individual might be, they will cooperate to arrest them. We haven't seen that Red Notice system heavily used by Syrian authorities against opposition forces, luckily, but we are starting to see Interpol normalize and open a door back to Syrian authorities after all this time. They say that this was a decision that was not politically motivated. And they said that the Syrian regime has proven itself to be a suitable readmission back to the Red Notice system. However, we've also seen Interpol begin to include the Syrian regime and dialogues on counter-narcotics policy. So for example, Operation Lionfish, which focuses on Captagon as a part of that operation. They've invited the Syrian regime to sit down at the table and have a chat about what the regime can do to counter illicit narcotics like Captagon.

[00:55:26] Jordan Harbinger: That's ridiculous. Like, well, look, I understand if we include a place that has a drug or narco-trafficking problem, like we want to involve Mexico in dialogue. with the United States, because we both have narco-trafficking problems and drug problems. But when it's the state actually doing it, and it's the dictator actually doing it, and the law enforcement agencies and military actually doing the trafficking, that seems a little bit like a bridge too far. At what point do you just realize that they're completely full of it, lying to you, everything's performative, and they're going to try and derail your efforts, and they've got an inside man on every meeting where you're making plans on how to derail their operations. That, to me, just seems dangerously naive to the point of stupidity.

[00:56:08] Caroline Rose: The same kind of line of thinking has started to really affect a lot of other geopolitical developments as well. For example, a lot of countries in the region, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, even Jordan to an extent, Egypt, they're starting to toy with the idea of real normalization with Syria. And that means your embassy is reopened back in the capital city, send an ambassador. You've got full-blown, like, revived relations. You know, you try and revive commercial relations, political relations, everything. And what is at the top of the agenda on things that they could potentially cooperate with the regime on? Captagon. There have been a number of experts and also, of course, the data shows that, well, if the regime is, in a large part, an agent in the Captagon trade, they have agency to stop it, but they also have, I would say, probably more of an incentive to keep that up, given that it's such a formidable revenue stream. What makes you think that they will just cut it out?

[00:57:09] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah.

[00:57:10] Caroline Rose: There is, of course, the incentive to normalize relations and to restore credibility and legitimacy, but in my opinion, I think that the regime is looking at this whole landscape and thinking that they can accomplish both.

[00:57:22] Jordan Harbinger: Of course.

[00:57:23] Caroline Rose: They can have their cake and eat it too. And so it's hard watching all these countries put that on the top of the agenda list.

[00:57:31] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah, nobody's going to say, "Fine, I do want diplomatic relations with my neighbors. I'm going to cut my revenue down by 90 percent in order to do that." That's ridiculous. Completely ridiculous. You'd rather just be a pariah but able to fund your military and stay in power, than not be able to do any of those things. Probably end up getting executed or shot in your own house while you're sleeping or something.

[00:57:55] Caroline Rose: Right.

[00:57:56] Jordan Harbinger: But hey, we got an embassy from Qatar now reopened. That's a victory. I mean, no—

[00:58:01] Caroline Rose: Right.

[00:58:01] Jordan Harbinger: No dictator worth their salt. It's going to take that deal at all.

[00:58:05] Caroline Rose: Right. And on top of that too, what I would imagine as well, what has been discussed or at least could potentially happen as you know, let's say some countries think that then if that's the case, if the Assad regime isn't going to back down that easily, well then just sweeten the deal and offer them a financial package that will, quote, "make up" for Captagon revenues. Well, then the regime will then just take both of that.

[00:58:33] Jordan Harbinger: Right, yeah.

[00:58:33] Caroline Rose: And then, they'll say, "Oh, well, the Captagon trade is continuing." "Well, that's not us. Those are the terrorists and opposition forces that are carrying out Captagon production on us."

[00:58:43] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah. In fact, give us a little bit more money and we'll be able to fight those guys too.

[00:58:46] Caroline Rose: Exactly.

[00:58:47] Jordan Harbinger: Instead of giving us 10 billion, give us 15 and we'll make sure that those pesky terrorists that are generating 10 billion a year for us—

[00:58:53] Caroline Rose: Exactly.

[00:58:53] Jordan Harbinger: —are out of business. I mean, none, none of it makes any sense. It just boggles the mind and it really makes me lose faith in organizations. Like Interpol or the UN who do so much good work when I just think, what are you smoking where this is possibly going to work out for you at all? It's so dumb.

[00:59:12] Caroline Rose: Yeah. It's been very difficult to kind of see that very fine line that needs to be walked in respect to Syria. I think that there is a limit between objectivity, but then also, of course, knowing that the regime is an agent behind the Captagon trade and welcoming them into the fold with serious collaboration, I think it's always important to keep a communication line open, but inviting them to the actual table for negotiation over Captagon interdictions, it's a little, a bridge too far, I would say.

[00:59:43] Jordan Harbinger: So is there anything positive you can leave us with? You know, we see from the war in Ukraine, Putin invaded Ukraine and we see the West and NATO being stronger and the European alliances are stronger. Is the Captagon thing going to be similar where, all right, Captagon, bad news, not going to make any real headway there, but on the plus side, maybe there's better drug cooperation between European countries, Africa, the Middle East, and the United States?

[01:00:07] Caroline Rose: I am encouraged by some of the recent steps that have been made on Captagon, and, you know, having kind of rung this alarm bell for a few years now, I am starting to see greater transatlantic cooperation between the United States, the UK, and even the EU. They all just within a matter of weeks announced sanctions targeting individual Captagon producers and traffickers affiliated with the Syrian regime and Hezbollah. That's great. And I think we are starting to make way towards a mechanism where the United States, the UK and the EU could help and provide resources and technical expertise and best practices to the states that need to confront the Captagon trade that need to reduce both supply and demand. And I think that we're getting there. I actually think that there is appetite to do that. And now there's a recognition of Captagon as a huge challenge. We didn't have that a few years ago. People now know what Captagon is. However, you know, the Syrian regime is being normalized and the Captagon trade is, you know, at the top of that agenda item list. And because of that, I do think that it may make some things a bit tricky, but I do think that we're moving slowly and incrementally towards greater regional cooperation which, all in all, is a plus.

[01:01:25] Jordan Harbinger: Caroline Rose, thank you so much.

[01:01:27] Caroline Rose: Yeah. Thank you so much, Jordan. Stay in touch if you ever want to—

[01:01:30] Jordan Harbinger: To try Captagon?

[01:01:31] Caroline Rose: —for other guests or to try Captagon. I'll let you know when I do.

[01:01:35] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah, I thought about asking but I was like the answer is obviously no because you've researched what's in it? And also, you're in the United States. I just feel like I don't know if I was a drug expert I'd be like, "Ah, just I'm going to give it a shot so I have a better idea."

[01:01:47] Caroline Rose: Totally.

[01:01:48] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah.

[01:01:48] Caroline Rose: And people ask me all the time. They're like, "Would you try it?" I'm like absolutely so then I know what I'm talking about. You know what I mean?

[01:01:53] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah, like you'd want to make sure it wasn't the brown one that you mentioned—

[01:01:57] Caroline Rose: Yes.

[01:01:57] Jordan Harbinger: —or whatever.

[01:01:58] Caroline Rose: Exactly.

[01:01:59] Jordan Harbinger: That sounds like something—

[01:02:00] Caroline Rose: Only Lexus.

[01:02:00] Jordan Harbinger: —that's scraped off a bathroom floor.

[01:02:02] Caroline Rose: Exactly.

[01:02:02] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah. I want the Lexus. Give me the Lexus sh*t only.

[01:02:05] Caroline Rose: Exactly.

[01:02:05] Jordan Harbinger: And we'll give it a shot and then we'll stay up all night reading seizure reports written in Italian.

[01:02:12] Caroline Rose: Exactly, exactly. And have you like monitored that? Not the goal, but people ask and they're like, "Would you?" And I'm like, absolutely. At this point, I need to see if I'm right.

[01:02:23] Jordan Harbinger: Yeah.

[01:02:23] Caroline Rose: If not, then it's a lie.

[01:02:24] Jordan Harbinger: And you're like I take it all back. This is pretty amazing. Yeah.

[01:02:27] Caroline Rose: Exactly. Exactly.

[01:02:31] Jordan Harbinger: You're about to hear a preview of The Jordan Harbinger Show with an undercover ATF agent that infiltrated the infamous Pagans biker gang.

[01:02:39] Ken Croke: Everyone was saying, hey, motorcycle enthusiasts, bikers are all bad. So they did this whole study and basically, out of the study, it came back and said, "Hey, listen, 99 percent of them aren't. You know, one percent of these bikers might be problematic or gang members or what have you, but the rest aren't." Well, then, the bikers, the real bikers, the outlaw bikers were like, "Hey, this is great. We are the one percent. We're proud of being the one percent." I mean, you know, people think that these are just a bunch of morons running around partying, and they're not. They're very sophisticated in how they move their money. They're very sophisticated in their structure, and they're also very sophisticated in what they do.

[01:03:10] People are always like, "Oh, whatever made you decide to do a two-year undercover?" Listen, I didn't sign up for a two-year undercover deal. That's just what it turned into. Very few of these run for two years. You're always kind of just seeing how it's going to play out. And that's where, you know, some of this dumb luck comes into it. They assigned me to this hit squad inside the gang. Most of the gang members don't even know that this group exists. But it's selected by Mother Club members of what they consider to be their heavy hitters. You know, the ones that can do the real damn dirty work. And so Hellboy, he had approached me. He's like, "Hey, they want you to be a part of this. We were going to be targeting Hell's Angels, and we were going to be killing them."

[01:03:48] You have to be very quick in thinking. The reason why I go undercover is, from the outside, you can deal with, you know, maybe some low-level members. You're never getting anywhere near the leadership. The only way to do that is to go undercover in the club and go up into the ranks. I would have failed if I didn't have some dumb luck on my side, and I had plenty of dumb luck throughout this case.

[01:04:11] Jordan Harbinger: To hear how Ken Croke spent two years risking his life going through initiation in one of the most ruthless biker gangs in America, check out episode 673 of The Jordan Harbinger Show.

[01:04:24] Like I said, folks, I can't believe I never heard of this. It's crazy to me that Syria is rejoining Interpol. And in the meetings about trafficking that they are doing, it seems like Interpol has its own issues. We've heard a little bit about these issues on the show before. For example, letting regimes issue Red Notices for regime enemies. Basically, these are like an international arrest warrant that could get a political prisoner sent back to the country they've escaped from to face torture and execution. And Russia is, or at least was doing this, until they got banned from the Red Notice system. Bill Browder talks about that. He was in episode 3 and episode 681. Vladimir Putin has been after him for a while, trying to get him arrested. And in fact, did get him arrested in Spain, on his way to meet government officials of Spain. It's a crazy story. Definitely go and listen to that. Episodes 3 and episodes 681.

[01:05:14] All things Captagon and Caroline Rose will be in the show notes at jordanharbinger.com. You can also ask our AI chatbot. Transcripts included in the show notes. Advertisers, deals, discounts, ways to support this show, all at jordanharbinger.com/deals. You heard me say it before, but I'll say it again, consider supporting those who support the show. Our newsletter is at jordanharbinger.com/news. You can reply to me when you get it. I go through previous episodes of the show, grab highlights, grab takeaways. reanalyze the content thereof, jordanharbinger.com/news. I'd love to hear what you want out of that newsletter. Don't forget about Six-Minute Networking also at jordanharbinger.com/course.

[01:05:52] Once again, a reminder that the Stitcher app will no longer work for any podcasts as of August 29th, 2023. So if you're using the Stitcher app, time to switch. If you're on Android Podcast Addict is a good one, Castbox. And if you're on iOS, I suggest overcast or Apple podcasts. The Stitcher app is going away, folks.

[01:06:10] I'm at @JordanHarbinger on Twitter and Instagram, or connect with me right there on LinkedIn.

[01:06:15] This show is created in association with PodcastOne. My team is Jen Harbinger, Jase Sanderson, Robert Fogarty, Millie Ocampo, Ian Baird, and Gabriel Mizrahi. Remember, we rise by lifting others. The fee for this show is you share it with friends when you find something useful or interesting. The greatest compliment you can give us is to share the show with those you care about. If you know somebody who might be interested in or should know more about Captagon, definitely share this episode with them. In the meantime, I hope you apply what you hear on this show, so you can live what you learn, and we'll see you next time.

[01:06:48] Paula Barros: Hi, Cold Case Files fans. We have some exciting news for you. Brand new episodes of Cold Case Files are dropping in your feed and I'm your new host, Paula Barros. I'm a Cold Case Files superfan, true crime aficionado, and I love telling stories with unbelievable twists and turns. And this season of Cold Case Files has all of that and more.

[01:07:09] Her cause of death was strangulation.

[01:07:12] Male 1: Lying face down on the bed.

[01:07:13] Male 2: She was in a pretty advanced state of decomposition.

[01:07:16] Male 3: He panicked and decided he was getting rid of the body.

[01:07:18] Female: I saw danger in everything.

[01:07:20] Paula Barros: So get ready. You don't want to miss what this season has in store. New episodes of Cold Case Files drop every Tuesday. Subscribe to Cold Case Files wherever you listen to podcasts.